Understanding Global Warming and Climate Change

Year 9s studying Earth 2 are learning how human activity is changing our planet.

Have you noticed hotter summers, stronger storms or milder winters? That’s not just weather, it’s climate change in action. One of the main causes is global warming.

Global warming is the rise in Earth’s average temperature. Since the late 1800s, it has increased by about 1.6°C. That may not seem like much but even small changes affect weather, oceans, animals and crops. This happens because of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and mostly come from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) for energy, transport and industry.

Climate change means long-term shifts in climate patterns such as changes in temperature, rainfall and storms. While Earth’s climate has always changed, today’s changes are faster and largely caused by human actions.

Climate change affects everyone and everything. Animals lose their habitats as ice melts or forests are destroyed by wildfires. Farmers face challenges growing food due to floods and droughts. People around the world face extreme weather events, rising sea levels and damaged communities. Oceans are heating up, harming marine life and coral reefs.

You can help by making small, everyday choices. Try walking or biking instead of using a car. Turn off lights and devices when you’re not using them. Recycle, reduce waste and look for ways to use less. Even eating less meat such as having one vegetarian meal a week can make a difference.

Earth is our only home. The choices we make now shape the future for everyone. Climate change is a big challenge but your actions can make a big difference.

Mrs Goodwill

Science Department

Share!